Gray skies, black humor

However, not everyone is accepted when gallows humor is deployed as a psychological defense tactic.

On Dec 9, a writer named Wang Lei came out with an article on CCTV's website, titled Five Benefits Induced by Smog. On top of the list is the effect of smog to unite the whole nation. When unabating smog first hit Beijing, there was a palpable schadenfreude in other cities, whose denizens sometimes called it "the Beijing cough". Now that it has enveloped many cities. Few can escape it-not even those who live in rural areas. Everyone is thrust to the forefront of this prolonged battle for clean air.

Smog also functions as an equalizer for social classes. The rich and powerful suffer from it as much as the hoi polloi. There has been talk of "specially provided pure air", but it is within a very constricted space, such as inside a car or a room. One cannot live in these cocoons for long stretches of time.

The third benefit, argues the author, is the shock value. Smog awakens us to the cost of being the world's "factory floor". We developed our economy but at what price? Do we have to pollute our environment to raise our living standards? Shouldn't clean air be part of a decent living standard?

Next on the list is the sense of humor that has been brought out by the blanket of haze, which is the subject of my column. And then there is the increase in knowledge as public discourse raises awareness of this environmental hazard. People get to learn more about what caused it and what solutions are available.

Wang's essay was widely retweeted and upbraided. Coming from a State-owned media platform, it is not self-derogatory enough to be taken as humor or satire, say some arguments, and nor is it forbiddingly fraught with jargon to be taken as a government edict or a scientific paper. But it was quite possible that many simply jumped at the conclusion from a glance at the title rather than reading through the entire piece. What it says is essentially true-albeit with an upbeat tone that can be either sarcastic or matter-of-fact.

If this is not caustic enough, there is another piece from a serious newspaper that suggests smog is good for national defense because hostile countries cannot accurately aim their warheads at targets inside China. So, you cannot accuse Chinese of lacking a sense of humor.

Satire is not something everyone is comfortable with, especially in a culture ruled by patriarchal condescension as the traditionally predominant voice. In the old days, satire was reserved for a few opinion leaders who wielded their mighty pen, figures like Lu Xun. There is a type of essay in Chinese literature called zawen, which tend to be acerbic and critical of social maladies.

For a while, crosstalk, a form of entertainment resembling stand-up comedy, flourished on social satire, but it has never evolved into television shows that could be the equivalent of Jon Stewart's Daily Show. The closest we have is Zhou Libo, a Shanghai-based comedian who repackages much of his material from online sources. There are simply not enough professional writers, it seems, who can reliably churn out high-quality jokes that send up daily events.

Fortunately, the Internet has created a platform where everyone can contribute their wisdom and very often the best output gets distributed to the largest readership. It's nearly impossible to trace the origin of a good joke, which may get revised and refined as it goes viral. I was asked by a publisher to edit a year-end best social commentary in 2008, and the Olympic song Beijing Welcomes You had so many satirical takes there could be a special chapter devoted to them.

But my publisher deleted all entries from the collection because she feared litigation from someone who claims to be the author. Now that I think about it, the absence of financial interests in creating social satire is a double-edged sword: It makes the effort pure, but it also removes the incentive for the best satirists to make a living out of it. The result is, out of a million who retweet a witty one-liner, not one may want to spend time and rack his or her brain to create an original one. Without a team of professionals, great satire appears either in ebb and flow or in hit and miss.

Sometimes, people can be funny without intending to be. A teenager persuades her younger sister to eat vegetables by saying: "Vegetables are the best remedy for smog." The 9-year-old said she would verify this claim online. So, the teenager pleaded for people to join her in the white lie. The last time I checked, some 8,000 people have left words that vegetables can be an antidote to poisonous smog.

Now, this is black humor, though unintentional.

Contact the writer at raymondzhou@chinadaily.com.cn.