Mother of all gardens

Cultivating interest

Tourists view Chinese roses in Beijing Botanical Garden

The garden's collection represents many years of dedicated passion and expertise, Glin says, "from monks who first nurtured 1,000-year-old camellias behind the sheltering walls of aged temples as well as the artisans, craftspeople and plantsmen who built the garden and procured the plants".

Today, Lan Su is a showcase for magnolias, cymbidiums, camellias, osmanthuses, rhododendrons, bamboos and many other specimens with Chinese roots. Many have a long history in traditional Chinese gardens, while others reflect more recent forays into China's hinterlands to collect species in the wild.

One of China's leading botanists remembers when such botanical exchanges simply didn't happen - from the stressful period from the country's civil war until after the "cultural revolution" (1966-76).

"By that time, China's scientists were very isolated," says He Shan'an, the retired director of the Nanjing Botanical Garden.

A rich period of plant hunting had carried Western naturalists around the globe from the 17th through 19th centuries - epitomized by romantic figures like Charles Darwin and Alexander von Humboldt.

After Deng Xiaoping began China's opening-up in the late 20th century, that old interest rekindled quickly.

The metasequoia is a great example of why scientists like Raven are so keen on China.

"Forty million years ago, it was the commonest forest tree in western North America. Now it's completely wiped out there," Raven says.

"But it has survived. There are about 6,000 individuals in China."