Climate change fuels bush fire risk
US government scientists set to announce that 2015 was the planet's hottest year in modern times
"A sunburned country ... with a pitiless blue sky", so the famous poem goes, but where once Australia could rely on "steady, soaking rain", a trend of hotter and drier weather as the climate warms is making it more vulnerable to severe bush fires.
US government scientists were widely expected to announce on Wednesday that 2015 was the planet's hottest year in modern times.
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A giant fire rages near Melbourne in 2009. Australia is known as the sunburned country with a pitiless blue sky, but its reputation as one of the most fire-prone regions is ratcheting up another notch amid hotter and drier weather as the climate warms. William West / AFP |
Experts warn that with rising temperatures, as well as decreasing rainfall in the south, parts of Australia are so dry the risk of bush fires is rising.
Since November huge swathes of the country have been scorched by ferocious blazes, leaving a total of nine dead and hundreds of homes destroyed. In South Australia, locals told of an "Armageddon-like" inferno sweeping through some areas, while in Western Australia bush fires raged out of control in a situation residents described as "like hell".
Already this year there have been scores more bush fires - a recent incident at Yarloop, 110 kilometers south of Perth, left two dead.
Firefighters warn they are facing more intense, erratic blazes.
"From my experience, fires appear to be getting more intense, harder to fight, harder to plan for, ... and this is having an impact on firefighting strategies," said Darin Sullivan, a 25-year veteran New South Wales state firefighter.
Three of the five hottest years on record in Australia have occurred in the last three years, according to data compiled by the Bureau of Meteorology. In 2013, Australia experienced its warmest year on record, 2014 was the third-hottest while last year was the fifth-warmest.
'Catastrophic fires'
"Studies have shown an increase in the number of days with high levels of fire danger in southern and eastern Australia," BOM climatologist Blair Trewin said.
"One of the things that is apparent is a lengthening of the fire season, so we're seeing more high fire danger days in spring and autumn, as well as in the core of summer."
Bush fires are common in Australia's arid summer, which usually begins in December. Former prime minister Tony Abbott, a longtime climate change skeptic, said during the sweltering 2013-14 summer season that the heat was "just part and parcel of life in Australia".
"Australia is, to use the famous phrase, a land of droughts and flooding rains," he added, recalling the well-known Dorothea Mackellar poem My Country.
But firefighter Sullivan said he and his colleagues were witnessing deteriorating conditions, including an apparent increase in the number of the most severe fires in recent years.
The "catastrophic" category in fire ratings was introduced after Victoria state endured the devastating "Black Saturday" bush fires in 2009 that left 173 dead in Australia's worst natural disaster.
'Increasing danger'
Another issue exacerbating the impact of bush fires is that more and bigger buildings are being built in disaster-prone areas, with Campbell Fuller of Insurance Council Australia adding that often the properties being constructed were not resilient to extreme weather events.
An increase in the number and intensity of blazes is predicted to have a serious economic impact. Bush fires were estimated to have cost Australia $169 million in 2014, but this is forecast to soar to $376 million by 2050, according to Deloitte Access Economics, which cited population growth and infrastructure density as factors.
Ken Mansbridge, whose family home was burned down in the 1983 Ash Wednesday bush fires that killed more than 70 people in Victoria and adjacent South Australia, continues to live in the same region and has noticed a stark difference in weather patterns.
"There's definitely a noticeable change in the weather patterns and in the actual vegetation. ... I've never seen the local area look as dry as it does," said the 70-year-old retiree, who has lived in the Macedon Ranges about 70 kilometers northwest of Melbourne for more than four decades.
"The trees are all flowering at different times, the vegetables this year were all wind and sun burned," he explained.
