女生在一起久了 大姨媽真的會(huì)同步？

It's a belief touted in chick flicks and in university dorm rooms. But the idea that women's menstrual cycles become synchronised when they spend time together is a myth, one expert has claimed.
“女生在一起待久了，經(jīng)期會(huì)同步”這個(gè)看法經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在年輕女性電影中和大學(xué)宿舍里。但有專家說這個(gè)看法是錯(cuò)誤的。

Dr Alexandra Alvergne, associate professor in biocultural anthropology at the University of Oxford, says this theory is flawed, and women's periods overlapping is more likely down to chance than an evolutionary adaptation.
牛津大學(xué)生物文化人類學(xué)副教授亞歷山德拉?埃爾沃格尼博士說這個(gè)理論是錯(cuò)誤的，并且女性經(jīng)期重疊現(xiàn)象更可能只是巧合而非進(jìn)化過程中的適應(yīng)性變化。

It is a popular belief that women who live together synchronise their menstrual cycles, and that it's mediated by their pheromones.
大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為住在一起的女性經(jīng)期會(huì)同步，并且這是由她們的信息素調(diào)節(jié)的。

These are the airborne molecules that enable members of the same species to communicate non-verbally.
信息素是由空氣傳播的分子，使得相同物種能夠進(jìn)行非言語交流。

The idea originated in a study published in the journal Nature in 1971, which looked at 135 American college students living in a dormitory and recorded data on when their periods began.
這種想法來自《自然》雜志在1971年發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)研究。研究觀察了住在宿舍的135名美國大學(xué)生，并且記錄了她們經(jīng)期開始的時(shí)間。

The dorm had four corridors each with around 25 girls living in single and double rooms.
宿舍有四條走廊，各有約25名女生分別住在單人或雙人宿舍。

Based on the analysis of around eight menstrual cycles per woman, the study reported an increase in synchronisation - that is, a decrease in the difference between the date their period began for room mates and among closest friends.
研究分析了每個(gè)女生的大約八個(gè)月經(jīng)周期，隨之發(fā)現(xiàn)同步率的升高。也就是說他們發(fā)現(xiàn)室友之間或者好朋友之間月經(jīng)開始時(shí)間的差異越來越小。

But among random pairings in the dormitory, there was no decrease.
但是在那些隨意配對(duì)的宿舍里，沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)差異的減少。

The author hypothesised so-called synchronisation was driven by the amount of time that women spent together, as this would allow for pheromone communication.
于是作者就假設(shè)這所謂的同步與女性相處時(shí)間的長短有關(guān)。時(shí)間越長，越有利于信息素的傳遞。

Since then, so-called 'socially mediated synchrony' has been intensely studied in various groups of women, such as room mates, co-workers, lesbian couples and women from high fertility populations – and in a number of animal species, including rats, baboons and chimpanzees.
自此，所謂的“社交性調(diào)節(jié)同步性”又在許多女性群體中得以深入研究，如室友，同事，同性情侶以及高生育率地區(qū)的女性。人們還在一些動(dòng)物中對(duì)此進(jìn)行研究，比如老鼠，狒狒和黑猩猩。

The theory goes that synchronisation leads to females becoming sexually receptive - which is known as being 'on heat' in the animal kingdom - at the same time.
理論認(rèn)為同步性使得女性在同一時(shí)間易于交配，在動(dòng)物世界里，這也叫做“處于發(fā)情期”。

The most popular one is that it enables females to minimise the risk of being monopolised by a single dominant male, and thus make it easier for them to have more than one mate.
其中最普遍的理論是經(jīng)期同步使得女性把她們被一個(gè)占主導(dǎo)地位的男性完全控制的危險(xiǎn)降到了最低，因此她們更容易擁有一個(gè)以上的伴侶。

In fact, one analysis of 19 primate species found a dominant male had less control over reproduction if all females were receptive at the same time.
實(shí)際上，一項(xiàng)對(duì)十九種靈長類生物的分析顯示：如果所有的雌性都在同一時(shí)間處于發(fā)情期，唯一的占主導(dǎo)的雄性對(duì)于繁殖的控制力會(huì)減弱。

However, there is now accumulating evidence that casts serious doubt on the existence of the phenomenon.
然而，越來越多的證據(jù)對(duì)此現(xiàn)象的存在提出了深深的懷疑。

First, the original 1971 study was criticised on methodological grounds.
首先，有人批評(píng)了1971年原始研究的方法依據(jù)。

Second, a number of studies with both human groups and non-human species failed to replicate the initial findings, with at least as many studies reporting positive results as studies reporting negative ones.
其次，一系列的研究，無論是在人類群體還是非人類物種，都沒能復(fù)證當(dāng)初的結(jié)果。得到肯定結(jié)果的研究數(shù)量和得到否定結(jié)果的數(shù)量一樣多。

Mathematical analyses have also revealed that some degree of synchrony is to be expected given shifts in female reproductive system over time.
數(shù)學(xué)分析也顯示，考慮到女性月經(jīng)周期一直在不停變化，某些程度的同步性是完全有可能的。

No adaptive process needs to be invoked to explain what is observed.
不需要任何的適應(yīng)性過程來解釋觀察到的現(xiàn)象。

In other words, synchrony - or the overlap of cycles between females - is best explained by chance.
也就是說，解釋同步性，或者女性之間經(jīng)期的重疊最好的理由就是偶然性。

There is now overwhelming evidence to suggest that menstrual synchrony in humans is no more than a quirk derived from a study using flawed methods that has since turned into an urban myth.
現(xiàn)在越來越多的證據(jù)表明，經(jīng)期同步只是因?yàn)楫?dāng)初研究方法錯(cuò)誤，隨后成為了一個(gè)謠傳，實(shí)際上它只是一個(gè)偶發(fā)的事件。

Vocabulary

chick flick：針對(duì)女性的浪漫電影
menstrual cycle：月經(jīng)周期
quirk：巧合

英文來源：每日郵報(bào)
翻譯：王慧雯（中國日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)愛新聞iNews譯者）
編審：yaning